George mason university courses

Grading: This course is graded on the Undergraduate Special scale. FNAN 303:Financial Management. 3 credits. Introduction to the fundamental concepts, principles, and analytical tools in finance. Topics covered include time value of money, security valuation, capital budgeting, risk and return analysis, and cost of capital. Catalog Navigation. Phone: 703-993-5846 Email: Website: Overview. Faculty. Programs. Courses. Bioengineering involves the application of engineering tools and concepts to solve problems in biology or medicine. The impact of engineering on biomedicine is wide ranging, from advanced biomedical imaging technologies to discovering new diagnostic ... Many courses are offered fully online (100%) or hybrid online (51-99%). After you browse the list of fully online and hybrid courses, see our Register for Classes page. Course … Mission. George Mason University’s School of Art is a collaborative academic and professional community focused on advancing creativity through traditional and new media applied to varying social contexts. The School of Art is founded on the premise that art both reflects and inspires a creative society, improving the human condition while ... The master of science in accounting program at the Costello College of Business at George Mason University is designed to help you meet Virginia’s 150-credit CPA licensing requirement while developing advanced analytical, critical thinking, and interpersonal skills. Those who earn a master’s in accounting and pass the CPA exam have greater ... A key course at one of America's largest public universities will be taught entirely and exclusively online this year. This is just the start. This is the first in The Vanishing Un...Mason Employees. Senior Citizens. All students must have a student record free of financial and administrative holds to be eligible to register. Students are strongly encouraged to consult with an advisor before registering for classes. Undergraduates may locate their academic advisor on the undergraduate Advising Home Page.The Quantum Science and Engineering Center (QSEC) at George Mason University supports the exploration of these high-risk high-reward ideas by fostering a collaborative, interdisciplinary, community-focused environment at Mason. This provides a unique environment for graduate students, undergraduate students, and postdoctoral …The master of science in accounting program at the Costello College of Business at George Mason University is designed to help you meet Virginia’s 150-credit CPA licensing requirement while developing advanced analytical, critical thinking, and interpersonal skills. Those who earn a master’s in accounting and pass the CPA exam have greater ...Explore George Mason University's online master’s degree programs, graduate certificates, and consortia programs. Over 50 programs available.Explore George Mason University's online master’s degree programs, graduate certificates, and consortia programs. Over 50 programs available.Biostatistics, MS. The MS in Biostatistics will allow students to specialize in the design and analysis of health-related and biological studies, while maintaining the rigor and technical training of the Statistical Science master's program. In this degree, students will take a statistics core and a "bio" core, involving courses in public ... Grading: This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale. IT 109:Introduction to Computer Programming. 3 credits. This foundation course is designed to teach students problem-solving skills using procedural programming that is required for the Information Technology degree program. George Mason University is Virginia’s largest public research university. Located near Washington, D.C., Mason enrolls more than 37,000 students from 130 countries and all …George Mason University's Keyshawn Hall has been named to the All-Atlantic 10 Second Team, and Baraka Okojie has earned All-Rookie accolades.. By the …1 . These course selections recommend the University Physics sequence. Mason Core and Electives. In order to meet a minimum of 120 credits, this degree requires additional credits (specific credit counts by concentration are shown below), which may be applied toward any remaining Mason Core requirements (outlined below), Requirements for … Grading: This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale. Additional Course Details: Taught in Japanese. JAPA 102:Introduction to the Japanese Language. 3 credits. Includes basic grammar, oral expression, listening comprehension, and reading and writing. Notes: Students may not receive credit for JAPA 102 and JAPA 110. Magic Bullet blenders are typical uni-taskers: they're small, expensive, have weak motors, and while they're useful, if you have a blender already, you have a superior tool. Thankf...Some college-level math courses are calculus, mathematics for teachers, probability, mathematical statistics and higher mathematics. For many majors, only college algebra is requir...A- Z Courses. Academic English (AE) Accounting (ACCT) African and African American Studies (AFAM) Anthropology (ANTH) Applied Information Technology (AIT) Arabic (ARAB) Art and Visual Technology (AVT) Art History (ARTH) Arts Management (AMGT) Assistive …300 Level Courses. ENGR 395:Engineering Internship. 0-3 credits. Students will participate in experiential learning in an industrial setting. Students must identify work opportunity and seek advisor approval prior to registering. Offered by Electrical & Comp. Engineering. May be repeated within the degree for a maximum 6 credits. PSYC 231:Social Psychology. 3 credits. Study of human behavior development in a social matrix, including such topics as socialization, cultural behavior, group norms, and attitude formation. Offered by Psychology. Limited to three attempts. Mason Core: Social/Behavioral Sciences. The University of Subway features a total of six training courses, such as The Subway Way, Creating a Professional Atmosphere and Frontline Food Safety. New Subway employees must p...George Mason University is a public institution that was founded in 1972. It has a total undergraduate enrollment of 27,014 (fall 2022), and the campus size is 817 acres. It utilizes a semester ...The Insider Trading Activity of Hambro George A on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksGeorge Mason University is a cooperating member of the Consortium of Universities of the Washington Metropolitan Area. The Consortium’s cross-registration arrangement permits students enrolled in eligible degree programs at one member institution to take a course at another member institution.Grading: This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale. RELI 237:Religion and Art. 3 credits. The course examines both the way that religious stories, images, ideas, and values have influenced the production and experience of art, and how art has historically been a primary means to express religious thought, feeling, and meaning.Contact Information. The Master of Arts in Political Science program prepares students for advanced work in political science, teaching, and research about government; a career in government and politics; and work in domestic and international nongovernmental organizations. The program is made up of four core courses in political science and ...Learn at a mathematical powerhouse. We offer strong and flexible programs at all degree levels. Students majoring in mathematics take courses in the logical foundations of mathematics, the calculus sequence, matrix algebra, and discrete mathematics. Majors choose from a concentration of applied, traditional, or actuarial mathematics.As of January 2015, demonology college courses are available at various educational institutes around the world. The University of Texas at Austin, Maryland Institute College of Ar...Hilary Mason is not only brilliant and highly productive—she's also incredibly inspiring. As Chief Scientist at bitly, the URL-shortening and bookmarking service, her engineering a...George Mason University (George Mason, Mason, or GMU) is a public research university in Fairfax County, Virginia near ... were all constructed over the course of Johnson's eighteen years as University President. Enrollment once again more than doubled from 10,767 during the fall of 1978 to 24,368 in the spring of 1996. Alan G. …Curious George was a good little monkey … and always very curious. We all want our children to be curious, even if it sometimes gets them into a little trouble, just like George. H...Cellist Sheku Kanneh-Mason performed at the royal wedding. Here's what his life in music and money has been like. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotion...Faculty/Staff Services (Timesheet, Pay Stubs, Class Lists, Grading) Note: The Patriot Web system is available 24x7 except Sundays between 7:00 AM and 11:15 AM (U.S. Eastern Time Zone) for maintenance. Please check the Patriot Web Alerts page for scheduled outages or extended maintenance periods. Unauthorized use of this system …George Washington is often noted for stating “I cannot tell a lie,” in a short story about him chopping down a cherry tree as a boy. Speculation from historians indicate that the c...Applicants to all graduate programs at George Mason University must meet the admission standards and application requirements for graduate study as specified in Graduate Admissions Policies and Bachelor's/Accelerated Master's Degree policies. ... Completion of the following Mason courses each with a grade of C or better: Course List; Code Title ...George Mason University is a public institution that was founded in 1972. It has a total undergraduate enrollment of 27,014 (fall 2022), and the campus size is 817 acres. It utilizes a semester ...100 Level Courses. ITAL 101:Elementary Italian I. 3 credits. Designed for students with no prior knowledge of Italian. Includes elements of grammar, vocabulary, oral skills, listening comprehension, and reading. Notes: Students may not receive credit for ITAL 101 and ITAL 110. Offered by Modern & Classical Languages.Student Evaluations of Teaching. George Mason University uses Blue by Explorance for the student evaluations of teaching process. Notable features include: Core university questions with up to 5 custom questions, including 3 optional pre-written use of technology questions. Multiple notification methods. Instructors are able to see response ...Are you an avid golfer searching for the perfect golf getaway? Look no further than St. George, Utah. With its breathtaking scenery and world-class golf courses, St. George is a go...Try the Mason Online Experience. Welcome to online education at Mason! Whether you are a new student at Mason or about to complete your final course for a degree, Digital …Delhi University is one of the most prestigious universities in India, attracting students from all over the country and beyond. The admission process for the academic year 2023 is...These courses may be taken by students in provisional status, non-degree status, or while in another graduate program at Mason. Passing appropriate testout exams: Students can self-prepare and attempt testout exams for each of the four foundation requirements (OO programming, data structures, machine organization, and discrete math).Graduate Non-degree students may enroll in a maximum of 10 undergraduate or graduate credits per semester. Non-degree Graduate students are expected to maintain a 3.0 or better Mason GPA and are subject to AP.6 in this Catalog. Non-degree students are responsible for the same policies and procedures that apply to degree-seeking students.Spring 2024 IGC Courses. Spring 2024 IGC Courses. Mason Korea announces the cross-registration options with IGC universities for Spring 2024. This opportunity allows … Mason students considering a change of major to Information Technology must have a minimum GPA of 3.00 in completed courses from the following list: IT 102 Discrete Structures or MATH 125 Discrete Mathematics I , IT 104 Introduction to Computing or IT 191 Review of Computing Fundamentals, IT 105 IT Architecture Fundamentals, IT 106 Introduction ... Degree Requirements. Total credits: 120. School of Business students pursuing a BS degree must complete a minimum of 120 credits, including the Mason Core requirements, business foundations, business core and concentration requirements. In addition, the following requirements must be met: A minimum of 45 credits at the 300- or 400-level.Reset course selection. No Course Materials Found. ... George Mason University Bookstore. Join the Mailing List. Sign Up. THANK YOU! Did you know you can get 10% off your purchase? LEARN MORE. Customer Care. Fairfax/Sci Tech Campus. 4400 University Drive - MSN3A6 Fairfax, VA 22030. Visit Customer Care .The Insider Trading Activity of Hambro George A on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksMason's online courses are designed to have minimal face-to-face meetings so students may learn at home, while stationed abroad, or while traveling. ... HOME OF MASON ONLINE George Mason University 4400 University Drive Fairfax, VA 22030 MSN 6A7 Phone 703-993-8978 Email [email protected] Level Courses. ENGR 395:Engineering Internship. 0-3 credits. Students will participate in experiential learning in an industrial setting. Students must identify work opportunity and seek advisor approval prior to registering. Offered by Electrical & Comp. Engineering. May be repeated within the degree for a maximum 6 credits.International students seeking admission to undergraduate courses have to pay USD 80 as George Mason University application fee.On the other hand, the GMU application fee for graduate students is USD 75.Along with the application fee, the applicants are required to submit documents like financial support documents, passport copy, … George Mason University has become Virginia’s largest, most diverse, and highest-ranked university for innovation by rejecting the traditional university model of exclusivity. We proudly admit every student who is academically ready for our top-tier research environment while achieving graduation rates that surpass the national norm. At just 50 years old, Mason has earned national and ... BIOL 101:Biology Freshman Seminar. 1 credit. This course is for first-seminar freshman with a declared biology major. This elective will serve as a platform for freshman biology students to get practical advice and guidance for how to approach coursework, careers in biology, and professionalism. Offered by Biology.A funny thing started happening in the face of rising education costs and a looming student debt bubble: massive open online courses (MOOCs). Offered by universities everywhere fro...Mason offers 132 degree programs at the master’s, doctoral, and professional levels, as well as more than 100 graduate-level certificates. Many classes are offered at times and …100 Level Courses ECE 101:Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering. 3 credits. Introduces fundamental concepts in Electrical and Computer engineering and provides …Grading: This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale. CS 332:Object-Oriented Software Design and Implementation. 3 credits. In-depth study of software design and implementation using a modern, object-oriented language with support for graphical user interfaces and complex data structures. Grading: This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale. IT 109:Introduction to Computer Programming. 3 credits. This foundation course is designed to teach students problem-solving skills using procedural programming that is required for the Information Technology degree program. Where Science Meets Security Gain the analytical skills and knowledge needed to assess national and international security risks posed by natural and man-made biological threats with the Master's in Biodefense. Understanding biological threats is more important in today’s world than ever before. The Master's in Biodefense at George Mason …The Quantum Science and Engineering Center (QSEC) at George Mason University supports the exploration of these high-risk high-reward ideas by fostering a collaborative, interdisciplinary, community-focused environment at Mason. This provides a unique environment for graduate students, undergraduate students, and postdoctoral …Schedule of Classes; Mason Academic Calendar and Exam Schedule; PatriotWeb; Department of Computer Science Nguyen Engineering Building 4400 University Drive … Learn at a mathematical powerhouse. We offer strong and flexible programs at all degree levels. Students majoring in mathematics take courses in the logical foundations of mathematics, the calculus sequence, matrix algebra, and discrete mathematics. Majors choose from a concentration of applied, traditional, or actuarial mathematics. Data Analytics Engineering, MS. The masters in data analytics engineering is designed to provide students with an understanding of the technologies and methodologies necessary for data-driven decision-making. Topics cover data mining, information technology, statistical models, predictive analytics, optimization, risk analysis, and data ...Students should enroll in HAP 201 Health Professions Careers and HAP 301 Health Care Delivery in the United States during their first semester in the program. HAP 498 Health Administration Internship (Mason Core) and HAP 465 Integration of Professional Skills and Issues (Mason Core) are to be completed during the student's final semester.The international security and law program: Teaches students to analyze enduring and new security challenges related to intelligence, cybersecurity, terrorism, migration, and environmental and technological change. Prepares students to apply these risk-assessment skills to be successful in positions in government, business, and international ... The department offers graduate programs in the study and practice of literature, writing, rhetoric, and linguistics, as well as course work in related fields such as folklore, film, and cultural studies. The master’s of arts degree in English provides concentrations in literature, cultural studies, folklore studies, professional and technical ... Reset course selection. No Course Materials Found. ... George Mason University Bookstore. Join the Mailing List. Sign Up. THANK YOU! Did you know you can get 10% off your purchase? LEARN MORE. Customer Care. Fairfax/Sci Tech Campus. 4400 University Drive - MSN3A6 Fairfax, VA 22030. Visit Customer Care .Courses at Mason will allow you to search for courses and find offerings in specific semesters. Use the tool bar at the top of the page to find more information about …100 Level Courses ECE 101:Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering. 3 credits. Introduces fundamental concepts in Electrical and Computer engineering and provides …Additional Course Details: Taught in German. GERM 110:Elementary German. 6 credits. Introduces elements of grammar, vocabulary, oral skills, listening comprehension, and reading. Notes: Lab work required. Students may not receive credit for GERM 110 and GERM 101, 102, or 105. Offered by Modern & Classical Languages. Mason students considering a change of major to Information Technology must have a minimum GPA of 3.00 in completed courses from the following list: IT 102 Discrete Structures or MATH 125 Discrete Mathematics I , IT 104 Introduction to Computing or IT 191 Review of Computing Fundamentals, IT 105 IT Architecture Fundamentals, IT 106 Introduction ... George Mason University, located in Fairfax, Virginia, is renowned for its exceptional programs and diverse range of majors. Global Affairs is an interdisciplinary major offered by... The University Catalog is the authoritative source for information on courses. ... George Mason University 4400 University Drive, 3G4 Fairfax, VA 22030 The international security and law program: Teaches students to analyze enduring and new security challenges related to intelligence, cybersecurity, terrorism, migration, and environmental and technological change. Prepares students to apply these risk-assessment skills to be successful in positions in government, business, and international ...Graduate Program OfficePhone: 703-993-8006 Email: [email protected]. Candace Deans, Director, MS in Technology Management Program. Admissions. Overview. Admissions & Policies. Requirements. Related Programs. The Master of Science in Technology Management is designed to provide students with a graduate …A-Z Courses /. Medical Laboratory Science (MLAB) Print Options. A- Z Courses. Academic English (AE) Accounting (ACCT) African and African American Studies (AFAM) Anthropology (ANTH) Applied Information Technology (AIT)George Mason University uses Blue by Explorance for the student evaluations of teaching process. Notable features include: ... All students enrolled in courses are notified by email and via Blackboard alerting them to the opportunity to evaluate their courses. Please note: a course must have at least 3 students for an evaluation to be generatedThe CS department offers undergraduate courses with the CS and SWE prefixes, and graduate courses with the CS, INFS, ISA and SWE prefixes. The Mason catalog contains the official descriptions for courses offered by the CS department. Computer Science (CS) courses. Information Systems (INFS) courses. Information Security & Assurance (ISA) …The University of Subway features a total of six training courses, such as The Subway Way, Creating a Professional Atmosphere and Frontline Food Safety. New Subway employees must p... Recommended Prerequisite: Open only to authorized GGS majors with 90 credits and GPA of 2.50 or higher in GGS courses. Schedule Type: Independent Study. Grading: This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale. GGS 485:Capstone in Geography and Geoinformation Science. 3 credits. Print Options. Catalog Navigation. Phone: 703-993-3565 Website: Overview. Faculty. Programs. Courses. Information Sciences and Technology offers undergraduate and graduate programs to develop expertise in applying information technology to support business applications.Grading: This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale. RUSS 380:Advanced Russian I. 3 credits. Comprehensive study of the more difficult characteristics of contemporary standard Russian in areas of grammar, style, and vocabulary usage. Emphasizes developing fluency in oral and written expression.Explore all available Mason online courses for summer term. Sort by college, subject, department, course number, ... George, Cindy-Course Details: College of Public Health: Health Administration & Policy: HAP 395 B01: ... Course Details: University (Provost) Provost's Office: BAS 490 001: 41033: Introduction Research Methods--All general George Mason University and specific College of Engineering and Computing admission requirements (including deadlines) apply. In addition, all applicants, including Mason undergraduates, must submit the following: ... No more than three courses used for credit toward the PhD may be cross-listed as undergraduate courses. None may ... Currently enrolled Mason students can take online courses with no separate application process. Registration and financial aid work in the same way for online and face-to-face courses. Please note however that some online graduate programs require admission into the program to take classes. Many fully online courses may be completed at home ... Wiley University Services maintains this website in cooperation with George Mason University. Admissions standards and decisions, faculty and course instruction, tuition and fee rates, financial assistance, credit transferability, academic criteria for licensure, and the curriculum are the responsibility of the Institution and are subject to ...Mason Employees. Senior Citizens. All students must have a student record free of financial and administrative holds to be eligible to register. Students are strongly encouraged to consult with an advisor before registering for classes. Undergraduates may locate their academic advisor on the undergraduate Advising Home Page.The Antonin Scalia Law School at George Mason University is a top-tier law school, ... These hours will be made up of required courses, restricted electives, and a thesis, seminar or writing course to fulfill the LLM writing requirement. View the Curriculum section for full information on course offerings, ...The MS in Health Informatics degree is offered via a regular on-campus or premium priced all-online delivery format. The curriculum in both programs is the same, but students must matriculate through only one pathway. Separate application processes are used for online and on-campus programs. Most courses in the on-campus program are taught in ...George Mason University is an official SHRM Education Partner, giving us the ability to build our course on the SHRM Learning System — you’ll have access to the most up-to … During takeoff, various technical components like the throttle, engine, and wings work together flawlessly. Systems design and integration focus on how these components come together to form a functional system. Systems Engineering students work on a project about uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) at the Fuse Research building. Computer Science, BS students will be considered for admission into the BAM Pathway after completion of a minimum of 60 credits with an overall GPA of at least 3.3, and completion of all MATH and Science requirements. Students must additionally complete MATH 203 prior to applying for the graduate program.Search. Your Mason Catalog. Courses @ Mason. This catalog was prepared on the basis of the best information available at the time of publication in June 2023. All information, …George Mason University (George Mason, Mason, or GMU) is a public research university in Fairfax County, Virginia near ... were all constructed over the course of Johnson's eighteen years as University President. Enrollment once again more than doubled from 10,767 during the fall of 1978 to 24,368 in the spring of 1996. Alan G. …George Mason University's Keyshawn Hall has been named to the All-Atlantic 10 Second Team, and Baraka Okojie has earned All-Rookie accolades.. By the …The Mason Apex category will replace the Capstone/Synthesis requirement for students entering Mason starting in the Fall of 2024. The Synthesis category will gradually be phased out with no new Synthesis courses approved after the 2022-2023 academic year. The purpose of the Synthesis course is to provide students with the opportunity to …Gain a comprehensive understanding of how leadership, management, policy, and politics intersect with a Master's in Public Administration (MPA) degree. Sound leadership and management are vital to organizational and governmental effectiveness. The MPA at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government puts you on a path …George Mason University is a cooperating member of the Consortium of Universities of the Washington Metropolitan Area. The Consortium’s cross-registration arrangement permits students enrolled in eligible degree programs at one member institution to take a course at another member institution.The University of Subway features a total of six training courses, such as The Subway Way, Creating a Professional Atmosphere and Frontline Food Safety. New Subway employees must p... Courses at Mason will allow you to search for courses and find offerings in specific semesters. Use the tool bar at the top of the page to find more information about Admissions, Tuition & Fees, Student Services, and Policies. Equivalent to SPAN 110. Schedule Type: Lecture. Grading: This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale. Additional Course Details: Taught in Spanish. SPAN 102:Elementary Spanish II. 3 credits. Continuation of SPAN 101. Notes: Students may not receive credit for SPAN 102 and SPAN 115 or 110.The courses selected for this purpose must be approved by the academic advisors of both the BS and MS programs, and students must have satisfactory performance (grade of 'B' or better) in each of the graduate courses intended to be applied towards the MS degree. ... Applicants to all graduate programs at George Mason University must meet the ... Graduate Admissions. Discover how Virginia’s largest public research university and the nation’s youngest R1 research school can prepare you to tackle the challenges of tomorrow. Mason is a place where you’ll be encouraged to think freely and take risks - to spark cutting-edge research and discovery. You’ll study at the nation’s ... Why choose George Mason? ... Program requirements may change; please refer to the Mason Course Catalog for the most up-to-date requirements. Requirements: 15 credits total ... HOME OF MASON ONLINE George Mason University 4400 University Drive Fairfax, VA 22030 MSN 6A7 Phone 703-993-8978 Email [email protected] Mason University is working with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to develop a course in data center engineering and expand the opportunities in its senior capstone courses. Photo by Getty Images Faculty in Mason’s College of Engineering and Computing are developing the ME/ECE 499: Data Center Engineering course, which …Direct entry 4-year BSN: a full-time program where students complete Mason Core and nursing prerequisites with nursing courses introduced in their freshman year. ... Application to the BSN program is a process involving two applications: the George Mason University Undergraduate Application and the BSN Departmental Application. Currently ...Mason offers 132 degree programs at the master’s, doctoral, and professional levels, as well as more than 100 graduate-level certificates. Many classes are offered at times and … The department offers graduate programs in the study and practice of literature, writing, rhetoric, and linguistics, as well as course work in related fields such as folklore, film, and cultural studies. The master’s of arts degree in English provides concentrations in literature, cultural studies, folklore studies, professional and technical ... Please note that students must earn a minimum grade of 3.00 in each course. In addition to meeting the requirements for this certificate, students must meet the university requirements for all graduate certificates. Non-Degree Option. Students interested in taking one or more of these online courses in a non-degree status should follow these steps: Academic Year Calendar. Check out all the important dates for planning your semester. Find your priority registration date, payment due dates, last day to add or drop classes, see when you need to start studying for exams or find out when a semester break starts — the Office of the Registrar has all the information you need to start your year ...Mason, Ohio is home to the world's longest wooden roller coaster and has great employment opportunities, which makes it one of Money's Best Places to Live. By clicking "TRY IT", I ...George Mason University (GMU) offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees such as bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and doctorate degrees in several areas of study. See the uniRank degree levels and areas of study table below for further details. This 67-year-old US higher-education institution …Many courses are offered fully online (100%) or hybrid online (51-99%). After you browse the list of fully online and hybrid courses, see our Register for Classes page. Course …The Quantum Science and Engineering Center (QSEC) at George Mason University supports the exploration of these high-risk high-reward ideas by fostering a collaborative, interdisciplinary, community-focused environment at Mason. This provides a unique environment for graduate students, undergraduate students, and postdoctoral … | masoflaott (article) | tajhzoz.